Antibiotic Use Can Result in Reduced Synthesis of

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that comes in two forms. The main type is called phylloquinone, plant in light-green leafy vegetables like collard greens, kale, and spinach. The other type, menaquinones, are found in some animal foods and fermented foods. Menaquinones tin also be produced by bacteria in the human body. [1]

Vitamin K helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones. Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent protein directly involved with blood clotting. Osteocalcin is some other poly peptide that requires vitamin Chiliad to produce healthy bone tissue.

Vitamin One thousand is found throughout the body including the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, and bone. It is broken down very quickly and excreted in urine or stool. Because of this, it rarely reaches toxic levels in the body even with high intakes, as may sometimes occur with other fatty-soluble vitamins.

Recommended Amounts

AI: An "acceptable intake" (AI) is used when there is non enough bear witness to establish a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The AI amount is estimated to ensure nutritional capability. For adults nineteen years and older, the AI for vitamin M is 120 micrograms (mcg) daily for men and 90 mcg for women and for those who are significant or lactating.

Vitamin Chiliad and Health

Claret clots

Vitamin M helps to make four of the 13 proteins needed for blood clotting, which stops wounds from continuously bleeding then they can heal. People who are prescribed anticoagulants (also called claret thinners) to prevent blood clots from forming in the middle, lung, or legs are often informed about vitamin Yard. Because of its claret clotting action, vitamin G has the potential to annul the effects of blood thinning medications. A common method that estimates blood levels of vitamin Chiliad is measuring prothrombin time (PT), or how long it takes for blood to jell. People on anticoagulant medication such as warfarin (Coumadin) may exist advised to eat a consistent corporeality of vitamin Thousand from food and supplements. Although pocket-size changes in vitamin Grand intake rarely affects PT, large and sudden variations in intake can alter PT levels and interfere with the medication'southward effectiveness. Vitamin Thou is not a required listed nutrient on the Nutrition Facts label, but people taking anticoagulant medication are usually provided information about foods containing vitamin K from their wellness care provider.

Bone health

Vitamin G is involved with the production of proteins in os, including osteocalcin, which is needed to prevent the weakening of bones. Some studies have shown that higher vitamin K intakes are associated with a lower incidence of hip fractures and low os density. In addition, low blood levels of vitamin Chiliad take been linked with low bone density. [2] A written report from the Nurses' Health Written report suggests that women who go at to the lowest degree 110 mcg of vitamin Yard a solar day are 30% less probable to break a hip than women who become less than that. [3] Among the nurses, eating a serving of lettuce or other green, leafy vegetable a day cut the adventure of hip fracture in half when compared with eating one serving a week. Data from the Framingham Heart Study also showed an association between high vitamin K intake and reduced run a risk of hip fracture in men and women and increased bone mineral density in women. [iv, 5] Nevertheless, the results of clinical trials and meta-analyses take been conflicting whether vitamin K supplements reduce bone fractures. [1] This may be due to a variety of other factors that touch on bone wellness, including a lack of calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise, all of which might mask a benefit of vitamin K supplementation.

Middle disease

A few studies have researched the role of vitamin K for eye health. Vitamin Chiliad is involved with the production of matrix Gla proteins (MGP), which help to prevent calcification or hardening of heart arteries, a correspondent to heart disease. Because inquiry in this area is very limited, additional studies are needed earlier a specific amount of vitamin K beyond the standard recommendation is proposed for this status.

Nutrient Sources

• Phylloquinone
  • Green leafy vegetables including collard and turnip greens, kale, spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuces
  • Soybean and canola oil
  • Salad dressings made with soybean or canola oil
  • Fortified meal replacement shakes
• Menaquinones
  • Natto (fermented soybeans)
  • Smaller amounts in meat, cheese, eggs

Signs of Deficiency

Vitamin K deficiency in adults is rare, merely may occur in people taking medications that cake vitamin K metabolism such as antibiotics, or in those with atmospheric condition that crusade malabsorption of food and nutrients. A deficiency is as well possible in newborn infants considering vitamin K does not cross the placenta, and breast milk contains a low corporeality. The limited corporeality of blood clotting proteins at nascency increases the risk of bleeding in infants if they are not given vitamin M supplements. The following are the most mutual signs of a deficiency.

• A longer time for claret to clot or a prolonged prothrombin time (as measured in a md's part)
• Bleeding
• Hemorrhaging
• Osteopenia or osteoporosis

Did You lot Know?

• Antibiotic medicines may destroy vitamin-K-producing bacteria in the gut, thereby potentially decreasing vitamin K levels, especially if taking the medicine for more than a few weeks. People who take a poor appetite while using long-term antibiotics may be at greater risk for a deficiency, and may do good from a vitamin K supplement.
• Considering vitamin One thousand is fat-soluble, it is best to swallow vitamin K foods with some fat to improve assimilation. So, drizzle some olive oil or add diced avocado to your favorite leafy green salad!

Related

Vitamins and Minerals

References

1. National Institutes of Wellness Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin K Fact Sail for Wellness Professionals https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/. Accessed 6/25/2018.
2. Weber P. Vitamin Grand and bone health. Diet. 2001;17:880–seven.
3. Feskanich D, Weber P, Willett WC, Rockett H, Berth SL, Colditz GA. Vitamin Grand intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:74–9.
4. Booth SL, Tucker KL, Chen H, et al. Dietary vitamin Grand intakes are associated with hip fracture but not with os mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:1201–eight.
5. Berth SL, Broe KE, Gagnon DR, et al. Vitamin Yard intake and bone mineral density in women and men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:512–6.

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Source: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-k/

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