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Preparing an AutoCAD drawing for 3D

Introduction

It is extremely important to gear up an AutoCAD drawing taking into consideration 2 main problems

1. The cartoon should be organised and drawn so as not to compromise the product drawing. This means that it should be fatigued in a manner that benefits both the AutoCAD outputs and the 3D outputs. Correct layering, closed polylines created from a framework and simplified object positioning are examples of this process
2. The drawing should exist organised to facilitate like shooting fish in a barrel import / consign with MAX/VIZ. Keeping a handle on what elements volition demand to be created as single objects in 3D and which will need to be created equally one object is very of import. Too, making the layer system easily understandable and 'object focussed' is important

This tutorial explains the main issues to consider when drawing in AutoCAD and preparing a drawing for use in 3D work

Download Sample Data

In social club to follow this tutorial, you may want to use the supplied files. Delight read the sample data instructions before downloading.

kf301_files.aught (583kb)

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Layers and Drawing Methods

Organisation of all elements that are to exist used in 3D using layers is vital as well every bit a adept cognition of clean, authentic drawing methods for 3D work. Recollect that what looks acceptable in 2D may not work as you want in 3D and may look terrible. A skillful example of bad drawing is the not-use of arcs in the polyline control where a curved road department is represented past a series of line segments. When turned into a kerb line in 3D information technology will expect similar the image beneath:

The correct drawing method (which is easier) produces a skillful looking and authentic result in 3D

Clean and Simplify Drawing

Before using an AutoCAD drawing for importing into MAX/VIZ only those elements that are going to exist used for 3D piece of work demand keeping in the drawing. Extraneous lines and text should be removed and a 'buffer' cartoon used instead of a chief production drawing. The following checklist should besides be implemented before starting to utilise AutoCAD information:

• Purge the drawing of all items and nested items
• Inspect the cartoon
• Set UCS to Earth if some other has been used
• Bind Xrefs
• Disassemble Images
• Utilise Drawing Cleanup tools if using Autodesk Map to simplify linear features and remove duplicates etc

• Finally, display just those elements that are going to be used and Copy and Paste into a New Drawing. Use Edit > Copy so Edit > Paste to Original Coordinates

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Layers

The primary method of creating objects in MAX/VIZ outlined in these tutorials is to create objects from layers. This is a straight frontwards process that allows yous to think 'objects' right from the start

Open up kf301_01.dwg in AutoCAD. This drawing contains an example layer organisation used for piece of cake import to MAX/VIZ

Notation: Creating dissever objects from one layer in MAX/VIZ is handled on the import options dialogs in MAX/VIZ

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Drawing Methods

Good make clean drawing techniques are essential to produce good looking scenes and benefit the cartoon as a whole. Together with a comprehensive layer arrangement based on 'objects' and the utilise of closed boundaries using a framework layer, and the boundary command, the use of appropriate AutoCAD tools make transition into 3D much easier. This tutorial explores some of the basic useful commands to create clean, simple, accurate lines in AutoCAD

NOTE: The creation of airtight boundary polygons and comprehensive layer system is useful for other outputs from AutoCAD and 3rd political party applications. Export to CorelDraw or Mcolour for plan graphics, hatching areas in AutoCAD and list of area quantities are good examples of extended functionality using these methods

TIP: Always draw lines using the Polyline command. Using the Line control produces fragmented and less managable drawings

• Open kf301_02.dwg . This drawing contains some layers for a creating surfaces and a kerb for a simple landscape scheme (shown completed beneath)

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Building

Observe that a layer called 'Framework' has been created and there are building framework lines already drawn. These have been created using the Start command. The landscape cartoon is constructed by referencing the known positions of points and lines of the building - every bit it would exist constructed on-site

• Make Building layer current
• Draw > Boundary > Pick Points - pick a point in the middle of the building framework lines. This creates a closed purlieus for the building on the correct layer

Notation: If the Boundary command does not piece of work bank check the post-obit points:

1. Elements such as blocks are frozen and not turned off (AutoCAD still includes off layers when searching for a boundary)
2. The boundary extents can be viewed on the screen (simply graphics on the nowadays screen brandish are included in the boundary search)
3. All existing polylines and framework lines are second at zero height (ie non 3D polylines)
4. There are no gaps in any of the polylines

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Car Park

• Brand Framework layer current
• Draw a framework polyline from the bottom right corner of the edifice vertically upward using Ortho On (F8 toggles Ortho on>off)
• Offset this line 30 metres to the right
• Plow OSnap On (Object Snap) and modify the Snap Settings to Endpoint. Draw a horizontal polyline from the top correct corner of the  building horizontally using Ortho On so that information technology crosses the previously drawn polyline
• Describe a ciclcle snapped to where these lines meet with a radius of 5 metres (this value tin can be typed on the control line when creating the circle)
• Start drawing a framework polyline snapped from the summit correct corner of the building with the second vertex of the polyline snapped (intersection snap) to where the circle crosses the line. Then type A at the command line (this is a polyline sub-control - look at the command line - which allows you to draw an arc as part of a polyline). Snap the side by side vertex to where the circle crosses the vertical framework line. And then type 50 at the command line (this takes you dorsum to drawing a normal line within the polyline). Using Ortho On drag the polyline downwardly and complete the polyline equally shown below. This procedure accurately offsets the auto park edge and gives a rounded corner of radius 5 metres

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First Path and Road

• Delete the circumvolve
• Extend the bottom horizontal building framework line to meet the new auto park border framework line and First the new car park border line left 5 metres to the left. This creates a framework line for the road
• Offset the extended framework line down two metres and the original right hand vertical framework building line to the correct 2 metres. This creates framework lines for the showtime path
• Trim the lines and Delete unecessary lines then the framework looks like the image below. Using Ortho On describe a framework polyline that closes the route at the lower cease

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Grassed Area and Planting Beds

• Using Grips with Ortho On drag the left building framework line down and the line created to close the road across left so they cantankerous
• Using Ortho On draw a polyline line starting from the corner of the path downwardly and using the Arc sub polyline command and so Line sub polyline control depict the big planting bed

NOTE: Arc sub commands must simply exist used after starting to draw a polyline in Line way. Otherwise the arc 'balloons' due to it not having any direction

• In the left corner of the grassed area framework create a circle snapped to the edge corner of the path framework to describe the small planting bed

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Second Path

• Draw a polyline using the Arc sub control and Line sub command to depict the heart line of the second path
• Offset this line 0.75 metres to the left and 0.75 metres to the correct
• Delete the centre polyline to give an initial framework for the 2d path

• To splay the entrance points to the path Trim both ends of the path:

• Finally (to complete the framework) Fillet the corners or the path entrances. Before filleting, Join the framework polylines using Pedit and then use the Fillet command to create a fillet of radius 2 metres at each corner. Then use Snaps to snap a polyline to close the path ends
• Trim the circle for the small planting bed then the lines do not interfere with the creation of boundaries

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Create Surface Boundaries

Making each layer current in turn apply the Boundary command to quickly create boundaries for each element
Plow the Framework layer off

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Create Kerb Line

• Offset the Car Park boundary past 0.15 metres
• Select the offset polyline and place on the Kerb layer past selecting the Kerb Layer in the Layer Dropdown List and so pressing Esc twice. This layer will be turned off before importing into MAX/VIZ as edges are created from the boundary lines using the Loft chemical compound object

This modest tutorial shows how simple the geometry should exist when importing to MAX/VIZ. The drawing should contain no border information autonomously from the closed boundaries that delineate all surfaces seamlessly (the subject of this tutorial). Secondly, objects such equally trees, benches, lamp posts etc should be represented by elementary circle and rectangular blocks on the correct layers. These simple 2D blocks are replaced in MAX/VIZ with 3D objects, merely are positioned in AutoCAD. Thirdly, 3D landform information in the form of contours, 3D polylines (strings) or a triangulated mesh is needed in order to transform the 2D plan into a 3D scene

Annotation: This sequence of tutorial files has been saved every bit 4 drawings: kf301_02a/b/c/d.dwg for reference

Checklist of Commands

Become very familiar with the following commands which were all used to quickly and accurately create this simple landscape programme. More complicated plans simply repeat these commands over and over over again

Move
Rotate
Re-create and Multiple Copy
Offset
Trim
Extend
Boundary
Fillet > Chamfer
Pedit
Manipulation of Vertex Handles
Snap Mode On>Off and Snap Settings
Ortho

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Simplify Blocks

Complicated 2D blocks should not be imported into MAX/VIZ if they are merely used as markers for 3D Objects or as objects for replacing with 3D objects. Replacing blocks with much simpler blocks earlier importing into MAX/VIZ is straightforward in AutoCAD using the Reference Edit dialog

• Open kf301_03.dwg. This drawing contains four detailed graphic blocks for trees which need simplifying past replacing them with circles

• Select one of the blocks (they are still block reference) and double left click. This opens the Reference Edit dialog

NOTE: The Reference Edit dialog is a feature of AutoCAD 2004 plus. Replacing blocks in previous versions of AutoCAD entails 'redefining blocks'

• Press Ok to isolate the cake and open information technology up for editing. A small toolbar appears and but the block is available for editing. All other blocks of the same name disappear and all other elements in the drawing plow gray
• Zoom to the block and depict a circle in the same position and at the same size as the tree block

• Draw a circle around the tree block on layer 0, then delete the tree block lines
• Press the Salve back changes to reference push button to replace all references of the block with a simple circle

TIP: Another pick for replacing blocks can be institute on the Limited Menu/Blocks. Utilize Supersede block with some other block to quickly replace a block in the drawing with another

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Import Options

Before importing data from AutoCAD into MAX/VIZ two issues must exist addressed

1. If the cartoon has been created far from 0,0 on the X and Y axes, the drawing data needs to be moved closer to 0,0. This improves how MAX/VIZ handles the data in the later stages and makes certain the modelling is accurate and any blitheness smooth
2. The human relationship between the layers and how they are configured to create objects on import needs to exist understood. Then uncomplicated routines using one of two separate import dialogs can exist used to update the MAX/VIZ scene at any time

This department explains how to separate drawing data for MAX/VIZ from the production blueprint drawings and how to configure the Import dialog for easy update of the scene from AutoCAD

NOTE: If drawing units are in millimeters, and then also re-scale the drawing at this stage (information technology is non advisable to keep in millimeters for a mural scale projection)

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Move to Zero

If AutoCAD geometry is created far from zero, and then accuracy problems may occur when modelling this data in MAX/VIZ. This is due to the fact that AutoCAD is accurate to 64 decimal places, whereas MAX/VIZ is only (simply?) accurate to 32 decimal places. The trouble usually manifests itself when animating cameras along paths when 'photographic camera shake' will occur. Large bounding boxes around objects are also a problem if the AutoCAD data is far from nothing because the bounding boxes start at 0,0

AutoCAD drawings created far from zero are usually the result of using Ordnance Survey basemap information to start the drawing process. Near basemap tiles are hundreds of thousands of metres abroad from cypher on the Ten and Y plane. Needless to say, mural drawings are often created far from zero

• Either motion the basemaps to zero earlier creating the drawing and in the knowledge that other information need non be added in a 'mapped' environment or use a separate cartoon for 3D piece of work with a known basepoint for moving geometry to zero thus:

• Open and manage a new separate drawing for importing into MAX/VIZ
• Import the following 3 elements needed for visualisation piece of work into this new drawing: Closed boundary lines delineating all surfaces / Elementary blocks for objects / Landform information in the course of Contours, 3D polylines (strings) or Triangulated Mesh or Grid

TIP: Employ Autodesk Map 3D to attach the project design drawing to the MAX/VIZ drawing and utilize uncomplicated layer property queries to add elements to the MAX/VIZ drawing at any time. This is a very effective method of filtering just the data needed for 3D piece of work whilst keeping separate from the production drawings. It allows the original design drawing to be changed without having to worry about layers on>off and layers that are non relevant to 3D piece of work (drawing for 3D piece of work should be very direct frontwards and nigh simplistic). Complicated blocks for trees, seats, lamp posts etc can even exist replaced with simple blocks as office of the process. Changing second plans using GIS functionality and visualising these scenarios in 3D is another advantage of using Autodesk Map 3D with MAX/VIZ

• Open kf301_04.dwg . This cartoon is an instance of a drawing containing these three elements. However, if you look at the coordinates of the data on the Satus Bar you will notice that information technology is far from zero

Round these coordinates up to 320000,456000

• Zoom out and record on a peice of paper the rounded upwards coordinates preferably to the bottom left of the site. The rounded up coordinates would be 320000, 456000 in this example. This happens to be in the center of the scheme, but this is Ok
• Turn on and unfreeze all layers
• Select all the elements in the drawing and utilise the Move command to motion the information to zero thus:
• When prompted for the base of operations point or displacement type 320000,456000 on the command line then Render
• When prompted for the second point of displacement type 0,0 on the command line then Return. This moves the data from a known recorded point to 0,0

TIP: Some other method involves drawing a rectangle around the site (on a layer that can be frozen) and using the bottom left corner of the rectangle as the move base of operations point

The cartoon is now ready for import into MAX/VIZ without any issues continued to being sited far from zippo. Repeat this routine to move whatsoever new information from the original second design drawing

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Import AutoCAD Cartoon Dialogs

To control how AutoCAD information is imported into MAX/VIZ i of two Import Drawing dialogs is used depending on how the data has been organised in AutoCAD and how the objects need to be organised in MAX/VIZ

Importing using the Legacy AutoCAD dialog

This dialog is the 'sometime' version only does take some useful features

1. Yous can import text
2. Objects are named the aforementioned as the layer they were created on in AutoCAD to help with object arrangement

• Reset MAX/VIZ
• File > Import. On the Select File to Import dialog change the Files of Type to Legacy AutoCAD (*DWG). Select kf301_05.dwg and so Open up
• On the Dwg Import dialog select Merge and printing Ok

• On the Import AutoCAD Dwg File dialog check the following:

• Press Ok

• In the Select by Proper name dialog note that all the layers accept been turned into objects and that all the steps, for instance, are ane object. This is Ok for some objects, merely not others. It is handy for the contours to be imported like this. So besides the positioning blocks for landscape objects such equally bollards, seating and lamp posts. However, objects such equally the steps need to be imported equally separate objects. To import those objects that accept been imported incorrectly delete the objects and re-import having changed the import settings as follows:

• Delete S teps bottom.01, Steps top.01, Sundial.01 and Wall.01

Importing using the AutoCAD Cartoon dialog

This dialog is the about recent version and has other useful features

1. Y'all can select objects on layers you want to import from a layer list
2. Objects, nonetheless, are non renamed but organised in layers in MAX/VIZ

• File > Import. On the Select File to Import dialog change the Files of Blazon to AutoCAD Drawing (* . DWG ,*.DXF ). Select kf301_05.dwg then Open
• On The Layers Tab cull Select from list and select the following layers:

• On the Geometry Tab select the following options:

• Press Ok to import the objects into MAX/VIZ
• Notice that the all objects have been named 'polyline' ie every bit the object 'blazon'. Use the Layer dialog and Rename dialog to organise the objects further:
• Open the Layer dialog and right click over Steps bottom. Choose Select from the right click carte. This selects all the bottom pace boundary lines

TIP: If the Layer dialog is not displaying correct click on the main toolbar (not on an icon) and select Layers from the list

• Tools > Rename Objects. On the Rename dialog type in the Base Name, cheque 'Numbered' and set the Base Number to 1

• Press Rename to rename all the objects selected

All objects are now in the correct format and named correctly in order to make the modelling procedure easier

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