Talking Listening and Working Together Is a Lost Art

Recording of text(s) being read

An audiobook (or a talking volume) is a recording of a book or other piece of work being read out loud. A reading of the complete text is described as "unabridged", while readings of shorter versions are abridgements.

Spoken audio has been available in schools and public libraries and to a bottom extent in music shops since the 1930s. Many spoken discussion albums were made prior to the age of cassettes, meaty discs, and downloadable audio, often of poesy and plays rather than books. Information technology was not until the 1980s that the medium began to attract book retailers, so volume retailers started displaying audiobooks on bookshelves rather than in carve up displays.

Etymology [edit]

The term "talking book" came into beingness in the 1930s with authorities programs designed for blind readers, while the term "audiobook" came into use during the 1970s when audiocassettes began to replace records.^[1] In 1994, the Sound Publishers Association established the term "audiobook" every bit the industry standard.^[1]

History [edit]

Caption reads: "The phonograph at home reading out a novel." From Daily Graphic (New York), 2 April 1878. Less than a yr after the invention of the phonograph, this drawing offered a futurity vision. Novels nonetheless would remain impractical for phonographs until the 1930s.

Spoken word recordings first became possible with the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877.^[1] "Phonographic books" were one of the original applications envisioned by Edison which would "speak to blind people without attempt on their part."^[1] The initial words spoken into the phonograph were Edison'south recital of "Mary Had a Little Lamb", the beginning instance of recorded poetry.^[ane] In 1878, a demonstration at the Majestic Institution in U.k. included "Hey Diddle Diddle, the Cat and the Fiddle" and a line of Tennyson's poetry thus establishing from the very beginning of the engineering science its association with spoken literature.^[one]

United States [edit]

Beginnings to 1970 [edit]

Many short, spoken discussion recordings were sold on cylinder in the belatedly 1800s and early 1900s,^[2] still the round cylinders were limited to most 4 minutes each making books impractical;^[i] apartment platters increased to 12 minutes but this too was impractical for longer works.^[ane] "1 early listener complained that he would need a wheelbarrow to carry effectually talking books recorded on discs with such limited storage capacity."^[one] By the 1930s close-grooved records increased to 20 minutes making possible longer narrative.^[1]

In 1931, the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) and Library of Congress Books for the Adult Blind Project established the "Talking Books Program" (Books for the Blind), which was intended to provide reading material for veterans injured during World War I and other visually impaired adults.^[1] The first test recordings in 1932 included a chapter from Helen Keller'due south Midstream and Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven".^[one] The organization received congressional approving for exemption from copyright and free postal distribution of talking books.^[1] The first recordings made for the Talking Books Plan in 1934 included sections of the Bible; the Declaration of Independence and other patriotic documents; plays and sonnets by Shakespeare; and fiction past Gladys Jerky Carroll, E. M. Delafield, Cora Jarrett, Rudyard Kipling, John Masefield, and P. G. Wodehouse.^[1] To salve costs and chop-chop build inventories of audiobooks, Great britain and the United States shared recordings in their catalogs. By looking at one-time catalogs, historian Matthew Rubery has "probably" identified the first British-produced audiobook equally Agatha Christie'southward The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, read by Anthony McDonald in 1934.^[three]

Recording for the Bullheaded & Dyslexic (RFBD, after renamed Learning Ally) was founded in 1948 by Anne T. Macdonald, a member of the New York Public Library'due south Women's Auxiliary, in response to an influx of inquiries from soldiers who had lost their sight in gainsay during Globe War II. The newly passed GI Pecker of Rights guaranteed a college education to all veterans, just texts were mostly inaccessible to the recently blinded veterans, who did non read Braille and had piffling access to live readers. Macdonald mobilized the women of the Auxiliary under the motto "Instruction is a right, not a privilege". Members of the Auxiliary transformed the attic of the New York Public Library into a studio, recording textbooks using then state-of-the-fine art six-inch vinyl SoundScriber phonograph discs that played approximately 12 minutes of material per side. In 1952, Macdonald established recording studios in seven additional cities across the United states of america.

Caedmon Records was a pioneer in the audiobook business, it was the first company defended to selling spoken work recordings to the public and has been called the "seed" of the audiobook industry.^[iv] Caedmon was formed in New York in 1952 by college graduates Barbara Holdridge and Marianne Roney.^[iv] Their first release was a collection of poems by Dylan Thomas as read by the writer.^[4] The LP's B-side contained A Kid'southward Christmas in Wales which was added as an reconsideration - the story was obscure and Thomas himself couldn't recall its title when asked what to utilise to fill upward the B-side - simply this recording went on to get 1 of his almost loved works, and launched Caedmon into a successful company.^[4] The original 1952 recording was a selection for the 2008 Us National Recording Registry, stating it is "credited with launching the audiobook industry in the Usa".^[5] Caedmon used LP records, invented in 1948, which made longer recordings more affordable and practical, yet most of their works were poems, plays and other brusque works, not entire books due to the LP's limitation of about a 45-minute playing time (combined sides).

Listening Library^[six] was likewise a pioneering company, information technology was 1 of the outset to distribute children'due south audiobooks to schools, libraries and other special markets, including VA hospitals.^[seven] It was founded by Anthony Ditlow and his married woman in 1955 in their Cherry-red Bank, New Bailiwick of jersey domicile; Ditlow was partially blind.^[7] Another early on pioneering visitor was Spoken Arts founded in 1956 by Arthur Luce Klein and his wife, they produced over 700 recordings and were best known for poetry and drama recordings used in schools and libraries.^[viii] Similar Caedemon, Listening Library and Spoken Arts benefited from the new technology of LPs, but too increased governmental funding for schools and libraries showtime in the 1950s and 60s.^[7]

1970 to 1996 [edit]

Though spoken recordings were popular in 33 1⁄iii vinyl record format for schools and libraries into the early on 1970s, the beginning of the modern retail market place for audiobooks tin be traced to the wide adoption of cassette tapes during the 1970s.^[nine] Cassette tapes were invented in 1962 and a few libraries, such as the Library of Congress, began distributing books on cassette past 1969.^[9] However, during the 1970s, a number of technological innovations allowed the cassette tape wider usage in libraries and also spawned the creation of new commercial audiobook marketplace.^[9] These innovations included the introduction of pocket-sized and inexpensive portable players such equally the Walkman, and the widespread use of cassette decks in cars, particularly imported Japanese models which flooded the market place during the multiple energy crises of the decade.^[nine]

In the early on 1970s, instructional recordings were amid the showtime commercial products sold on cassette.^[nine] There were 8 companies distributing materials on cassette with titles such as Managing and Selling Companies (12 cassettes, $300) and Executive Seminar in Audio on a series of 60-minute cassettes.^[nine] In libraries, most books on cassette were still fabricated for blind and disabled people, yet some new companies saw the opportunity for making audiobooks for a wider audience, such as Voice Over Books which produced abridged all-time-sellers with professional actors.^[9] Early pioneers included Olympic gold medalist Duvall Hecht who in 1975 founded the California-based Books on Tape equally a direct to consumer mail lodge rental service for unabridged audiobooks and expanded their services selling their products to libraries and audiobooks gaining popularity with commuters and travelers.^[9] In 1978, Henry Trentman, a traveling salesman who listened to sales tapes while driving long distances, had the thought to create quality unabridged recordings of classic literature read by professional person actors.^[ten] His company, the Maryland-based Recorded Books, followed the model of Books on Tape but with higher quality studio recordings and actors.^[x] Recorded Books and Chivers Sound Books were the first to develop integrated production teams and to piece of work with professional person actors.^[11]

Past 1984, there were 11 audiobook publishing companies, they included Caedmon, Metacom, Newman Communications, Recorded Books, Luminescence and Books on Tape.^[9] The companies were modest, the largest had a catalog of 200 titles.^[9] Some abridged titles were being sold in bookstores, such as Walden Books, only had negligible sales figures, many were sold past mail service-order subscription or through libraries.^[ix] Notwithstanding, in 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette thus assuasive for affordable unabridged editions.^[ix] The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.^[9] This opened the market place to new opportunities and past September 1985, Publishers Weekly identified twenty-one audiobook publishers.^[9] These included new major publishers such as Harper and Row, Random House, and Warner Communications.^[9]

1986 has been identified as the turning bespeak in the industry, when information technology matured from an experimental curiosity.^[ix] A number of events happened: the Audio Publishers Association, a professional non-profit merchandise association, was established by publishers who joined to promote awareness of spoken discussion audio and provide manufacture statistic.^[9] Time-Life began offering members audiobooks.^[9] Book-of-the-Month club began offering audiobooks to its members, as did the Literary Order. Other clubs such as the History Volume Gild, Get Rich Order, Nostalgia Book Lodge, Scholastic club for children all began offering audiobooks.^[9] Publishers began releasing religious and inspirational titles in Christian bookstores. Past May 1987, Publishers Weekly initiated a regular column to cover the industry.^[9] By the end of 1987, the audiobook market was estimated to be a $200 million market, and audiobooks on cassette were existence sold in 75% of regional and independent bookstores surveyed past Publishers Weekly.^[nine] By Baronial 1988 at that place were forty audiobook publishers, most 4 times as many as in 1984.^[9]

By the heart of the 1990s, the audio publishing business grew to 1.5 billion dollars a year in retail value.^[12] In 1996, the Sound Publishers Association established the Audie Awards for audiobooks, which is equivalent to the Oscar for the audiobook industry. The nominees are announced each yr past February. The winners are announced at a gala banquet in May, usually in conjunction with BookExpo America.^[xiii]

1996 to present [edit]

With the spread of the Cyberspace to consumers in the 1990s, faster download speeds with broadband technologies, new compressed audio formats and portable media players, the popularity of audiobooks increased significantly during the belatedly 1990s and 2000s. In 1997, Audible pioneered the world's start mass-market place digital media player, named "The Audible Player",^[fourteen] it retailed for $200, held 2 hours of sound and was touted as existence "smaller and lighter than a Walkman", the pop cassette player used at the time.^[xv] Digital audiobooks were a meaning new milestone as they allowed listeners freedom from physical media such as cassettes and CD-ROMs which required transportation through the mail, allowing instead instant download access from online libraries of unlimited size, and portability using insufficiently small and lightweight devices. Audible.com was the first to constitute a website, in 1998, from which digital audiobooks could exist purchased.

Another innovation was the cosmos of LibriVox in 2005 by Montreal-based author Hugh McGuire who posed the question on his web log: "Can the net harness a bunch of volunteers to help bring books in the public domain to life through podcasting?" Thus began the creation of public domain audiobooks past volunteer narrators. Past the cease of 2021, LibriVox had a catalog of over 16,870 works.^[16]

The transition from vinyl, to cassette, to CD, to MP3CD, to digital download has been documented by Sound Publishers Association in annual surveys (the earlier transition from record to cassette is described in the section on the 1970s). The final yr that cassettes represented greater than 50% of total market sales was 2002.^[17] Cassettes were replaced by CDs as the dominant medium during 2003–2004. CDs reached a pinnacle of 78% of sales in 2008,^[18] so began to decline in favor of digital downloads. The 2012 survey found CDs accounted for "nearly half" of all sales meaning it was no longer the dominate medium (APA did not written report the digital download figures for 2012, but in 2011 CDs deemed for 53% and digital download was 41%).^{[19] [20]} The APA estimates that audiobook sales in 2015 in digital format increased past 34% over 2014.^[21]

The resurgence of audio storytelling is widely attributed to advances in mobile technologies such every bit smartphones, tablets, and multimedia entertainment systems in cars, besides known as continued car platforms.^{[22] [23]} Audio drama recordings are too at present podcast over the cyberspace.^[24]

In 2014, Bob & Debra Deyan of Deyan Audio opened the Deyan Institute of Song Artistry and Technology, the globe'southward first campus and school for educational activity the art and technology of audiobook product.^[25]

In 2018, approximately 50,000 audiobooks were recorded in the United States with a sales growth of 20 pct year over year.^[26] U.South. audiobook sales in 2019 totaled 1.ii billion dollars, upward xvi% from the previous year. In addition to the sales increase, Edison Research's national survey of American audiobook listeners ages eighteen and upward found that the average number of audiobooks listened to per year increased to 8.1 in 2020, upwards from 6.8 in 2019.^[27]

Germany [edit]

The evolution and use of audiobooks in Germany closely parallels that of the US. A special example of its use is the West German Audio Book Library for the Blind, founded in 1955. Actors from the municipal theater in Münster recorded the starting time audio books for the visually impaired in an improvised studio lined with egg cartons. Because trams rattled past, these get-go productions took place at night. Later on, texts were recorded by trained speakers in professional studios and distributed to users by mail. Until the 1970s recordings were on tape reels, then later cassettes. Since 2004, the offerings take been recorded in the DAISY Digital Talking Book MP3 standard, which provides additional features for visually impaired users to both listen and navigate written cloth aurally.^[28]

India [edit]

Audiobooks in India started to announced somewhat later than in the rest of the world. Only by 2010 did Audiobooks proceeds mainstream popularity in the Indian market. This is primarily due to lack of previous organized efforts on the role of publishers and authors. The marketing efforts and availability of Audiobooks has fabricated India as one of the fastest growing Audiobooks markets in the earth.^{[ citation needed ]}

The lifestyle of urban Indian population and one of the highest daily commute time in the earth has also helped in making Audiobooks popular in the region. Business concern and Self Help books accept widespread appeal and have been more popular than fiction/non-fiction.^{[ commendation needed ]} This is considering Audiobooks are primarily seen as an avenue for self-improvement and education, rather than entertainment.

Audio books are being released in various Indian languages. In Malayalam, the offset sound novel, titled Ouija Board, was released past Kathacafe in 2018.^[29] Now Indian companies are working towards Audio Books generation in the Indian Vernacular Languages. Heed Stories By Sahitya Chintan is an Android audio book library allowing list 1000+ Hindi Audio Books. They are offering aplenty audio books freely. To admission the entire itemize they are charging nominal membership of Rs. 199/ Year for Indian audio book listener and $5.99/Year for Residue of World.

Production [edit]

Producing an audiobook consists of a narrator sitting in a recording booth reading the text, while a studio engineer and a manager tape and straight the operation.^[thirty] If a mistake is made the recording is stopped and the narrator reads it again.^[30] With contempo advancements in recording technology, many audiobooks are also now recorded in home studios by narrators working independently.^[31] Audiobooks produced by major publishing houses undergo a proofing and editing procedure after narration is recorded.

Narrators are normally paid on a finished recorded hour basis, meaning if it took xx hours to produce a 5-hour book, the narrator is paid for 5 hours, thus providing an incentive non to make mistakes.^[30] Depending on the narrator they are paid Us$150 per finished hour to U.s.a.$400 (equally of 2011^[update]).^[30] Many narrators also work as producers and deliver fully produced audiobooks, which have been edited, mastered, and proofed. They may charge an extra $75-$125 per finished 60 minutes in add-on to their narration fee to coordinate and pay for the post-production services. The overall cost to produce an audiobook tin vary significantly, equally longer books crave more studio time and more than well known narrators come at a premium. According to a representative at Audible, the toll of recording an audiobook has fallen from around US$25,000 in the belatedly 1990s to effectually United states$2,000-US$iii,000 in 2014.^[32]

Formats [edit]

An audiobook collection in a library. A mix of cassette record and CD-ROM formats.

Audiobooks are distributed on any audio format available, simply primarily these are records, cassette tapes, CDs, MP3 CDs, downloadable digital formats (eastward.g., MP3 (.mp3), Windows Media Sound (.wma), Advanced Sound Coding (.aac)), and solid country preloaded digital devices in which the audio content is preloaded and sold together with a hardware device.

In 1955, a German inventor introduced the Audio Book cassette arrangement based on the Tefifon format where instead of a magnetic tape the sound was recorded on a continuous loop of grooved vinylite ribbon similar to the sometime eight-track tape. Even though the original Tefifon upon which information technology was based ran at xix CPS and could hold a maximum of 4 hours, 1 Audio Volume could hold eight hours of recordings every bit it ran at half the speed or 9.5 CPS. All the same, simply similar the Tefifon, the format never became widespread in use.^[33]

A small number of books are recorded for radio broadcast, usually in abridged form and sometimes serialized. Audiobooks may come up as fully dramatized versions of the printed book, sometimes calling upon a complete cast, music, and sound effects. Finer audio dramas, these audiobooks are known every bit full cast sound books. BBC radio stations Radio 3, Radio 4, and Radio 4 Extra have broadcast such productions as the William Gibson novel Neuromancer.^[34]

An audio first production is a spoken discussion audio work that is an original production but not based on a book. Examples include Joe Colina, the son of Stephen King, who released a Vinyl Outset audiobook chosen Dark Carousel in 2018. It came in a 2-LP vinyl set, or as a downloadable MP3, but with no published text.^[35] Some other case includes Spin, The Audiobook Musical (2018), a musical rendition of Rumpelstiltskin narrated by Jim Dale, and featuring a cast of Broadway musical stars.^[36]

Use [edit]

Audiobook used to disseminate data among farmers in Kenya.

Audiobooks have been used to teach children to read and to increase reading comprehension. They are likewise useful for the blind. The National Library of Congress in the U.S. and the CNIB Library in Canada provide free audiobook library services to the visually impaired; requested books are mailed out (at no toll) to clients. Founded in 1996, Assistive Media of Ann Arbor, Michigan was the first organization to produce and deliver spoken-give-and-take recordings of written journalistic and literary works via the Internet to serve people with visual impairments.

Virtually 40 per centum of all audiobook consumption occurs through public libraries, with the rest served primarily through retail book stores. Library download programs are currently experiencing rapid growth (more than v,000 public libraries offer costless downloadable audio books). Libraries are besides popular places to check out audio books in the CD format.^[37] Co-ordinate to the National Endowment for the Arts' written report, "Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America" (2004), audiobook listening increases full general literacy.^[38]

Listening practices [edit]

Audiobooks are considered a valuable tool because of their format. Unlike traditional books or a video program, one tin heed to an audiobook while doing other tasks. Such tasks include doing the laundry, exercising, weeding and similar activities. The most popular general employ of audiobooks past adults is when commuting with an automobile or while traveling with public send, as an culling to radio. Many people listen as well just to relax or as they drift off to sleep.

A recent survey released by the Audio Publishers Association constitute that the overwhelming majority of audiobook users listen in the machine, and more than two-thirds of audiobook buyers described audiobooks every bit relaxing and a good way to multitask. Another stated reason for choosing audiobooks over other formats is that an audio performance makes some books more interesting.^[39]

Mutual practices include:

• Replaying: Depending upon ane's caste of attention and interest, it is often necessary to listen to segments of an audiobook more than in one case to allow the fabric to be understood and retained satisfactorily. Replaying may be washed immediately or after extended periods of time.
• Learning: People may listen to an audiobook (ordinarily an entire one) while following along in an bodily volume. This helps them to learn words that they may non learn correctly if they were only to read the book. This tin likewise be a very effective manner to larn a new linguistic communication.
• Multitasking: Many audiobook listeners cull the format because it allows multitasking during otherwise mundane or routine tasks such as exercising, crafting, or cooking.
• Entertainment: Audiobooks have get a popular form of travel amusement for families or commuters.^[40]

Charitable and nonprofit organizations [edit]

Founded in 1948, Learning Marry serves more than than 300,000 1000-12, college and graduate students, veterans and lifelong learners – all of whom cannot read standard impress due to blindness, visual impairment, dyslexia, or other learning disabilities. Learning Ally's drove of more than 80,000 human-narrated textbooks and literature titles can be downloaded on mainstream smartphones and tablets, and is the largest of its kind in the world.

Founded in 2002, Bookshare is an online library of figurer-read audiobooks in accessible formats for people with print disabilities.

Founded in 2005, LibriVox is also an online library of downloadable audiobooks and a free not for profit organisation developed past Hugh McGuire. It has audiobooks in several languages. Most of their languages are typically Western European languages. ^[41]

Calibre Audio Library is a UK clemency providing a subscription-complimentary service of unabridged audiobooks for people with sight problems, dyslexia or other disabilities, who cannot read print. They have a library of over viii,550 fiction and non-fiction titles which can be borrowed by post on MP3 CDs and retentivity sticks or via streaming.^[42]

Listening Books is a Great britain audiobook charity providing an internet streaming, download and postal service to anyone who has a inability or illness which makes information technology hard to concord a book, turn its pages, or read in the usual way, this includes people with visual, physical, learning or mental health difficulties. They have audiobooks for both leisure and learning and a library of over 7,500 titles which are recorded in their own digital studios or commercially sourced.

The Royal National Found of Blind People (RNIB) is a UK charity which offers a Talking Books library service. The audio books are provided in DAISY format and delivered to the reader'southward house by post every bit a CD or USB memory stick. There are over thirty,000 audio books available to borrow, which are free to print disabled library members. RNIB subsidises the Talking Books service by around £4 million a year.^[43]

Example of an audio studio for professional readings. The studio is surrounded in sound baffle panels to mitigate reverberation from the speaker, allowing the microphone to pick upward clearer audio.

See as well [edit]

• Assistive Media
• Little Thinker (1978, first release)
• National Sound Theatre Festival
• Pingshu
• Playaway
• Radio drama
• Text-to-speech
• Phonation interim

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d eastward f grand h i j 1000 l m n} Matthew Rubery, ed. (2011). "Introduction". Audiobooks, Literature, and Sound Studies . Routledge. pp. 1–21. ISBN978-0-415-88352-8.
2. ^ "Cylinder Recordings". Cyberbee.com. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
3. ^ Rubery, Matthew (five Nov 2018). "United kingdom's Start Talking Book: An Update". Audiobook History . Retrieved 12 August 2021.
4. ^ ^{a b c d} "Caedmon: Recreating the Moment of Inspiration". NPR Forenoon Edition. 5 December 2002. Archived from the original on seven March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
5. ^ "The National Recording Registry 2008". National Recording Preservation Board of the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved nine Jan 2012.
6. ^ "Kids and Teens". Archived from the original on iv November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Shannon Maughan (7 March 2005). "Sounds Like Commemoration". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on nineteen March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
8. ^ "Arthur Klein, 81. Made Literary Recordings". The New York Times. 21 April 1997. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f 1000 h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} Virgil L. P. Blake (1990). "Something New Has Been Added: Aural Literacy and Libraries". Information Literacies for the 20-First Century. Thousand. K. Hall & Co. pp. 203–218. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
10. ^ ^{a b} John Blades (21 May 1991). "The Olivier Of Books On Audio Tape". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
11. ^ "A Brief History of Audio Books". Booksalley.com. 18 September 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 2 Baronial 2012.
12. ^ Hendren, John (29 August 1995). "Recorded Books: Winning War With Blitz-Hour Traffic : Commuting: Henry Trentman says his sound books are the 'world's greatest tranquilizer' for stressed-out drivers". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
13. ^ "Audie Accolade". Booksalley.com. Archived from the original on 28 Oct 2011. Retrieved two August 2012.
14. ^ "Progressive Networks and Audible Inc. Team Upwardly to Make RealAudio Mobile". Aural.com. 15 September 1997. Archived from the original on 18 January 1998. Retrieved xx February 2014.
15. ^ "The Audible Actor". Audible.com. 1997. Archived from the original on 18 January 1998. Retrieved 20 Feb 2014.
16. ^ MaryAnnSpiegel (1 January 2022). "LibriVox stats". LibriVox. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
17. ^ Audio Publishers Association Fact Sheet Archived 26 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine (also includes some historical perspective in the 1950s past Marianne Roney)
18. ^ Kaitlin Friedmann (15 September 2008). "More Americans Are All Ears To Audiobooks" (PDF). Sound Publishers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
19. ^ The Sound Publishers Association (21 Nov 2013). "Audibooks Industry Showing Enormous Growth" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
20. ^ "Manufacture Data". Audio Publishers Association. Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
21. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved ix September 2016. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) APA, 23 May 2016
22. ^ Roose, Kevin (3 October 2014). "What's Backside the Slap-up Podcast Renaissance?". New York. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
23. ^ Kang, Cecilia (25 September 2014). "Podcasts are back — and making money". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
24. ^ Purcell, Julius (27 March 2015). "The resurgence of audio drama". Fiscal Times. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
25. ^ Mary Burkey (13 March 2014). "Elevating the Art of the Audiobook: Deyan Institute of Voice Artistry & Applied science". Booklist. Archived from the original on xiii June 2014. Retrieved two June 2014.
26. ^ Fitzpatrick, Molly (30 May 2018). "Portrait of the Vox in My Caput". The Village Voice . Retrieved 31 May 2018.
27. ^ https://www.audiopub.org/uploads/pdf/2020-Consumer-Survey-and-2019-Sales-Survey-Press-Release-Terminal.pdf^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
28. ^ Sabine Tenta: The Audible Gate to the Globe: The West German Audio Book Library for the Bullheaded (Goethe-Institut, 2009) online Archived 27 January 2011 at the Wayback Motorcar (in English) retrieved 26 May 2012
29. ^ "First Malayalam audio novel 'Ouija Board' launched". newindianexpress.com. Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2018. Retrieved eight May 2018.
30. ^ ^{a b c d} ALLEN PIERLEONI. "The right voice can send an audiobook upward the charts", McClatchy Newspapers, 29 June 2011.
31. ^ "Narrator Resource". Audio Publishers Association. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
32. ^ "From Papyrus to Pixels". The Economist. December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
33. ^ "Grooved Tape Recording Plays For Eight Hours." Archived 7 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Popular Mechanics, July 1955, p. 141.
34. ^ "William Gibson'due south Seminal Cyberpunk Novel, Neuromancer, Dramatized for Radio (2002)". Open up Civilization. Archived from the original on vi February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
35. ^ Michael Kozlowski (20 February 2018). "Joe Hill is creating a Vinyl Starting time Audiobook". Good Due east-Reader. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved xx February 2018.
36. ^ Michael Kozlowski (17 December 2018). "Global Audiobook Trends and Statistics for 2018". Good East-Reader. Archived from the original on 21 Feb 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
37. ^ "New Audio". Hclib.org. 15 June 2012. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 2 Baronial 2012.
38. ^ National Endowment for the Arts (June 2004). "Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (Research Partitioning Report #46)". Archived from the original on one July 2014.
39. ^ "Audiobooks: Billion-Dollar Manufacture Shows Steady Growth". PW's Audiobook Blog. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
40. ^ "What Kind of Listener Are You?". Random Business firm Sound. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
41. ^ "About Librivox". Librivox.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved ix December 2015.
42. ^ "Calibre services". calibre.org.uk. 28 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
43. ^ "RNIB Talking Books Service". Rnib.org.britain. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Eatables has media related to Audiobooks.

• Alexandra Alter (1 August 2013). "The New Explosion in Audio Books". The Wall Street Periodical . Retrieved two June 2014.
• Jeremy Olshan (eight Dec 2015). "Why some audiobooks sell iv times as well as their impress versions". Marketwatch (WSJ)' . Retrieved viii December 2015.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiobook

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